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Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II (reigned c. 2061 BC – 2010 BC) was a Pharaoh of the 11th dynasty who reigned for 51 years. Around his 39th year on the throne he reunited Egypt thus ending the First Intermediary Period. Consequently, he is considered the first pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom. == Family == Mentuhotep II was the son of Intef III and Intef III's wife Iah who may also have been his sister. This lineage is demonstrated by the stele of Henenu (Cairo 36346), an official who served under Intef II, Intef III and his son, which the stele identifies as Horus ''s-ankh-()'',〔J.J. Clere, J. Vandier, ''Textes de la premiere periode intermediaire et de la XIeme dynasty'', 1st vol., Bibliotheca Aegyptiaca X. (Complete Stele on p.21 )〕〔Henri Gauthier, ''Quelques remarques sur la XIe dynastie. '', BIFAO 5, 1906, p.39〕 Mentuhotep II's first Horus name. As for Iah, she bore the title of ''mwt-nswt'', "King's mother".〔Joyce Tyldesley, ''Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt'', Thames & Hudson. 2006, pp. 66-68. ISBN 0-500-05145-3〕 The parentage of Mentuhotep II is also indirectly confirmed by a relief at Shatt er-Rigal.〔Silke Roth, Koenigsmutter, p. 189〕 Mentuhotep II had many wives who were buried with him in or close to his mortuary temple:〔Aidan Marc Dodson, Dyan Hilton, ''The complete royal families of ancient Egypt'', Thames and Hudson, London, September 2004, February 2010〕 * Tem (''tm'') who might have been Mentuhotep II's chief wife as she bore the titles of ''hmt-nswt'' "King's wife", ''hmt-nswt mryt.f'' "King's wife, his beloved" and ''wrt-Hts-nbwi'' "Great one of the hetes-sceptre of the two Lords". She gave Mentuhotep II two children, one of which was certainly Mentuhotep III since Tem was also called ''mwt-nswt'', ""King's mother" and ''mwt-nswt-bitj'', "Dual king's mother". Apparently she died after her husband and was buried by her son in Mentuhotep temple.〔Silke Roth, ''Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. Dynastie'', Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 2001.〕 Her tomb was discovered in 1859 by Lord Duffering and fully excavated in 1968 by D. Arnold.〔Dieter Arnold, ''Der Tempel des Königs Mentuhotep von Deir el-Bahari'' 3 vols, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz, 1974.〕 * Neferu II ("The beautiful") was called "King's wife" and ''hmt-nswt-mryt.f'', "King's wife, his beloved". She might have been Mentuhotep II's sister since she also bore the titles of ''s3t-nswt-smswt-n-kht.f'', "Eldest king daughter of his body", ''irjt-p3t'', "hereditary princess" and ''hmwt-nbwt'', "mistress of all women". She was buried in the tomb TT319 of Deir el-Bahri. *Kawit (''k3wj.t'') was one of Mentuhotep II's secondary wives. She bore the titles of ''hmt-nswt mryt.f'' "King's wife, his beloved" and ''khkrt-nswt'', "King's embellishment". She was a "Priestess of the goddess Hathor". It has been suggested that she was Nubian. She was buried under the terrasse of Mentuhotep II's mortuary temple where E. Naville uncovered her sarcophagus in 1907. *Sadeh, Ashayet, Henhenet and Kemsit all four were Mentuhotep II's secondary wives. They bore the title of ''hmt-nswt mryt.f'' "King's wife, his beloved" and ''khkrt-nswt-w3tit'' "Unique embellishment of the King". They were priestess of Hathor〔, Callender, In: Ian Shaw (edit.) '' The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'' p.141〕 and each of them was buried in a single pit dug under the terrasse of Mentuhotep II's temple.〔(Sarcophagus of Henhenet )〕〔(Shrine of Henhenet )〕 Note that an alternative theory holds that Henhenet was one of Intef III's secondary wives, possibly the mother of Neferu II. Henhenet might have died in childbirth. *Mwyt, a five-year-old girl buried with Mentuhotep II's secondary wives. It is not clear if she was one of Mentuhotep's wives herself or one of his daughters. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mentuhotep II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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